Law by Decree No. 10 of 2018 on Cybercrime

Law by Decree No. 10 of 2018 on Cybercrime

The President of the State of Palestine

The Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organisation

In reference of the provisions of the Amended Basic Law of 2003, as amended, particularly the provisions of Article 43 thereunder,

Having reviewed the provisions of the Penal Law No. 74 of 1936, as amended, in force in the Southern Governorates,

Having reviewed the provisions of the Penal Law No. 16 of 1960, as amended, in force in the Northern Governorates,

The provisions of the Law No. 3 of 1996 Concerning Wired and Wireless Communications,

The provisions of the Law of Penal Procedure No. 3 of 2001, as amended,

The provisions of the Law by Decree No. 18 of 2015 Concerning the Combating of Drugs and Psychotropic Substances,

The provisions of the Law by Decree No. 20 of 2015 Concerning the Combating of Money Laundering and Financing of Terrorism, as amended,

The provisions of the Law by Decree No. 6 of 2017 Concerning the Regulation of Organ Harvesting and Transplant,

The provisions of the Law by Decree No. 15 of 2017 Concerning Electronic Transactions,

The provisions of the Law by Decree No. 16 of 2017 on Cybercrime,

Based upon the recommendation of the Council of Ministers, dated April 17^th, 2018,

Based on the powers vested in me,

In pursuance of the public interest, and

In the name of the Arab Palestinian people,

I hereby promulgate the following Law by Decree:

Article 1

The following words and expressions mentioned in this Law by Decree shall have the meanings designated thereto hereunder, unless the context determines otherwise:

Article 2

1. The provisions of this Law by Decree shall be applicable to any of the crimes provided for thereunder in the event they are perpetrated either wholly or partly inside or outside Palestine or their impact extends inside Palestine, and whether the perpetrator is original, accomplice, abettor or accessory, on condition that the crimes are punishable outside Palestine and subject to the general principles provided under the Penal Law in force.

2. Each person who perpetrates outside Palestine one of the crimes provided for under this Law by Decree may be prosecuted in any of the following cases:

a. If it is perpetrated by a Palestinian citizen.

b. If is perpetrated against Palestinian parties or interests.

c. If it is perpetrated against foreign parties or interests by a foreign national or a stateless person, whose usual place of residence is within Palestine, or by a foreign national or a stateless person who is present in the Palestinian territory, but concerning whom the legal conditions of extradition are not fulfilled.

Article 3

1. A specialised cybercrime unit shall be established within the police agency and security forces, comprising officers vested with judicial duties. The Public Prosecution shall be responsible for providing judicial supervision over it, each in the area of his jurisdiction.

2. Regular courts and the Public Prosecution, in accordance with their jurisdictions, shall hear cybercrime cases.

Article 4

1. Each person who deliberately and illegally accesses, by any means, an electronic website, system, electronic network or a means of information technology, or a part thereof, or exceeds the authorised access, or continues to be present therein after he becomes aware of his access, shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. In the event the act provided for under Paragraph 1 of this Article is committed against government data, penalty shall be either or both confinement for a term of not less than six months and a fine of not less than five hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than two thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

3. In the event the access results in cancelling, deleting, adding, disclosing, damaging, damaging, altering, transmitting, receiving, copying, publishing or republishing electronic data or information, which is stored in the information system, or causing damage to users or beneficiaries, or altering, eliminating, or modifying the contents of the electronic website, occupying its address, its designs or method of its use, or impersonating its owner or manager, the penalty shall be either or both confinement for a term that is not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

4. In the event the act provided for under Paragraph 3 of this Article is committed against government data, the penalty shall be either or both imprisonment for a term that is not more than five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 5

Each person who obstructs or disrupts, by any means, access to the service or access to devices, programmes or sources of data or information through the electronic network or a means of information technology shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 6

Each person who produces or introduces through the electronic network or a means of information technology any item that may suspend or disrupt its operation, or damage, delete or modify the programmes shall be punished by imprisonment for a term that does not exceed five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 7

Each person who receives, records, intercepts or wiretaps, on purpose and illegally, any data sent through the network or a means of information technology, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 8

1. Each person who deliberately decodes encrypted data in circumstances other than those permitted by law shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundreds Jordanian dinars and not more than on thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. Each person who unlawfully uses personal encryption elements or an electronic signature creation device of another person shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

3. Each person who commits a crime using any of the devices provided for under Paragraph 2 of this Article shall be punished by imprisonment and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 9

1. Each person who benefits illegally from communication services through a means of information technology or those alike shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than six months and a fine of not less than five hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. In case the benefit provided for under Paragraph 1 of this Article is intended for profit, the penalty shall be either or both confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 10

Each person who deliberately creates or publishes, using the electronic network or a means of information technology, a false certificate, or presents false data on his identity to the competent authorities under the laws on the issuance of certificates for the purposes of applying for, cancelling or suspending a certificate, shall be punished by confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 11

1. Each person who forges an official electronic document of the State or public entities or institutions, which is legally recognised within an information system, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. In the event the forgery affects other documents and it may cause damage, the penalty shall be either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

3. Each person who uses the forged document, knowing that it is forged, shall be subject to the penalty prescribed for the crime of using the forged document in accordance with the Penal Law in force.

4. Each person who forges or manipulates an official electronic signature, or electronic signature device or systems, either by manufacturing, damaging, fault-finding, modifying, or transforming it or by any other means that leads to the alteration of the truth in its data or information, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

5. In the event the forgery or manipulation affects other electronic signatures mentioned under Paragraph 4 of this Article, the penalty shall be by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

6. Each person who develops data of an official electronic signature or device of an electronic signature system, or one that belongs to public entities or institutions shall not have the right to access it, using false or erroneous information or data, or collude with others to develop the same. [If he does so], he shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not less than five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

7. In the event electronic signatures other than those mentioned under Paragraph 6 of this Article are developed, the penalty shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 12

1. Each person who uses the electronic network or a means of information technology in order to access or manipulate, illegally, the numbers or data of the electronic transaction device, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than six months and a fine of not less than five hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. Each person who forges an electronic transaction device by any means whatsoever, or manufactures or possesses without a licence devices or materials used in the issuance or forgery of an electronic transaction card shall be punished by the same penalty prescribed under Paragraph 1 of this Article.

3. Each person who knowingly uses or facilitates the use of a forged electronic transaction device, or knowingly accepts an invalid, forged or stolen electronic transaction device, shall be punished by the same penalty prescribed under Paragraph 1 of this Article.

4. In case the acts provided for under this Article are committed with the intention of accessing funds and data of a third person, or the services made available through them, the penalty shall be either or both confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

5. Each person who usurps for himself or for a third person the property of a third party in accordance with the provisions of this Article shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than two years and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 13

Each person who uses the electronic network or a means of information technology to steal or extort funds shall be punished by either or both imprisonment and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 14

Each person who usurps, through the electronic network or a means of information technology, for himself or for a third party a movable property, an electronic document, an electronic signature, or data for the creation of an electronic signature or electronic signature creation system, through the use of fraudulent means, or taking a false name or impersonating a false identity in a manner that may deceive the victim, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 15

1. Each person who uses the electronic network or a means of information technology to threaten or extort another person in order to compel him to perform an act or omission, even if such act or omission is lawful, shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. In the event the threat entails the perpetration of a crime or the imputation of matters that are offensive to the honour or dignity, the penalty shall be confinement for a term that is not less than one year or a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 16

1. Each person who deliberately transmits through the electronic network or a means of information technology any indecent audible, readable or visual or material directed at a person above eighteen years of age without his consent shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not less than three months and a fine of not more than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. Each person who deliberately transmits or disseminates through the electronic network or a means of information technology any indecent audible, readable or visual material directed at a person under eighteen years of age, or relates to their sexual exploitation, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

3. Each person who deliberately uses the electronic network or a means of information technology to create, develop, store, process, display, print out, disseminate, or promote indecent activities or material for the purposes of influencing a person under eighteen years of age or a person with disability, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not less than two years and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 17

Without prejudice to the provisions of the Law by Decree Concerning the Regulation of Organ Harvesting and Transplant in force, each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or disseminates information on the electronic network or a means of information technology with the intention of human trafficking and human organ trafficking or to facilitate dealing in the same shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not more than seven years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 18

Without prejudice to the provisions of the Law on the Combating of Money Laundering and the Financing of Terrorism in force, each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or a means of information technology with the intention of:

1. Committing the crime of money laundering shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

2. Committing the crime of financing terrorism shall be punished by either or both imprisonment and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 19

Without prejudice to the provisions of the Law by Decree Concerning the Combating of Drugs and Psychotropic Substances in force, each person who creates or releases a website on the electronic network or a means of information technology with the intention of trafficking or smuggling narcotic drugs or psychotropic substances or those alike, or facilitates dealing in, sells, explains or displays the methods of producing narcotic drugs shall be punished by either or both imprisonment for a term of not less than ten years and a fine of not less not three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 20

Each person who violates an intellectual, literary or industrial property right under effective legislation through the electronic network or a means of information technology shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not more than six months and a fine of not less not five hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 21

1. Every human being shall have the right to express his opinion by speech, writing, photography, or other means of expression and publication in accordance with the law.

2. The freedom to artistic and literary creativity shall be safeguarded. Legal proceedings may not be instituted or brought for the halt or confiscation of works of art, literature or intellect or against their innovators except by a court order. A penalty of deprivation of liberty or a custodial sentence may not be imposed in the crimes, which are committed because of the publicity of the artistic, literary or intellectual product.

3. Freedom of the press, printing and paper-based, audio-visual and electronic publication is safeguarded. Palestinians, including natural and juridical persons, public and private, shall have the right to own and publish newspapers and establish audio-visual media outlets and digital media in accordance with the law.

4. Restrictions may not be placed on the press, nor may it be seized, halted, warned or eliminated, except in accordance with the law and under a court decision.

Article 22

1. Arbitrary or illegal interference with the privacy of any person or the affairs of his family, home or correspondence shall be prohibited.

2. Each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or disseminates information on the electronic network or a means of information technology with the intention of disseminating live or recorded news, images, audio or visual recordings relating to the illegal interference with the private or family life of individuals, even if they were true, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than one years and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 23

Each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or disseminates information on the electronic network or a means of information technology with the intention of managing, facilitating, encouraging or promoting a gambling project, or displays gambling games, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not less than six months and a fine of not less than five hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 24

Each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or disseminates information on the electronic network or a means of information technology with the intention of displaying any written words or conduct that may give rise to racist or religious hatred or racial discrimination against a particular group on the basis of its race, sectarian affiliation, colour, appearance or disability shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term that is not more than one year and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 25

Each person who creates an electronic website, application or account or disseminates information on the electronic network or a means of information technology with a view to misrepresenting or justifying acts of genocide or crimes against humanity, which are prohibited by international conventions and laws, or deliberately assists or incites the perpetration of crimes against humanity shall be punished by imprisonment for a term that is not less than ten years.

Article 26

Each person who possesses, presents, produces, distributes, imports, exports or promotes a device for the purpose of use, or a programme or any ready-made electronic data, a password, or access codes for the purposes of perpetrating any of the crimes provided for under this Law by Decree, shall be punished by imprisonment for a term of not more than five years and a fine of not less than three thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than five thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 27

1. For each employee who commits any of the crimes provided for under this Law by Decree, exploiting his powers and authorities during or by virtue of the performance of his work, or facilitates the same for a third party, the penalty shall be increased by one third.

2. For each employee of service providers who commits any of the crimes provided for under this Law by Decree during or by virtue of the performance of his work, or facilitates the same for a third party, the penalty shall be increased by two thirds.

Article 28

Each person who incites, assists, or agrees with a third party to perpetrate a crime of those provided for by the provisions of the Law by Decree through any electronic means, and such a crime occurs on grounds of that incitement, assistance or agreement, shall be liable to the penalties prescribed for its original perpetrator.

Article 29

If a crime provided for under this Law by Decree is committed in its name or on its behalf, the juridical person shall be punished by a fine of not less than five thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than ten thousand Jordanian dinars. The court shall be entitled to deprive the juridical person of performing its activity for a maximum period of five years or to rule for its dissolution in the event the crime is punishable by confinement for a term of not less than one year, without prejudice to the criminal liability of the natural person affiliated therewith.

Article 30

Each person who deliberately disseminates information on a blocked electronic website under the provisions of Article 39 of this Law by Decree, using electronic systems, a website or application, shall be punished by either or both confinement for a term of not less than three months and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 31

In accordance with the prescribed legal procedures, the service provider shall adhere to the following:

1. Provide the competent authorities with the subscriber’s information which help to uncover the truth, at the request of the Public Prosecution or competent court.

2. Block the link or content or application on the electronic network, based on the orders issued forth thereto from the judicial authorities without prejudice to the procedures provided for under Article 39 of this Law by Decree.

3. Keep the subscriber’s information for a period that is not less than three years for the purposes of the provisions of Paragraph 1 of this Article.

4. Cooperate with and assist the competent authorities, based on a decision from the judge of the competent court, in the collection or recording of electronic information or data and keep them temporarily.

Article 32

1. The Public Prosecution or the officers tasked with judicial duties, whom it delegates, shall be entitled to search persons, places and means of information technology with relevance to the crime.

2. The search warrant must be reasoned and specific. It may be renewed more than once as long as the justifications of such procedure still exist.

3. In the event the search provided for under Paragraph 2 of this Article leads to seizing devices, tools or means relating to the crime, the officers vested with judicial duties must compile a report on the seized items and present the same to the Public Prosecution in order to take necessary measures thereon.

4. The prosecutor shall be entitled to permit direct access for the officers vested with judicial duties, or to seek assistance from the experts whom they deem fit, to access and search any means of information technology with the intention of accessing data or information.

5. The officers vested with judicial duties shall be required to be qualified to deal with the special nature of cybercrime.

Article 33

1. The Public Prosecution shall be entitled to obtain the devices, tools, means, electronic data or information, traffic data, data relating to communication traffic or users, or relevant subscriber’s information with relevance to cybercrime.

2. The Public Prosecution shall be entitled to permit the seizure and restraint of the information system either wholly or partly or any means of information technology, which may help to uncover the truth.

3. In case the seizure and restraint of the information system is not necessary or impossible to perform, the data or information relating to the crime as well as the data which secures its reading and comprehension shall be copied on a means of information technology.

4. In case it is impossible to perform the seizure and restraint in actuality, to preserve evidence of the crime, all appropriate means must be used to prevent access to the data stored in the information system.

5. Necessary precautions shall be taken to maintain the integrity of the seized items, including technical means to protect content of the data.

6. As much as possible, a list of the seized and restrained items shall be compiled in the presence of the accused or the person in whose custody the seized and restrained items were located. A report shall be drawn up to that effect. The seized items shall be kept, as the occasion may be, in a container or a sealed envelope, on which a paper, stating in writing the date and time of seizure, number of records and the case.

Article 34

1. The judge of the Court of Conciliation shall be entitled to permit the Attorney General or one of his assistants to conduct surveillance of, record, and deal with communications and electronic conversations in order to search for the evidence relating to a crime or misdemeanour, which is punishable by confinement for a term that is not less than one year, for a period of fifteen days that is renewable once, based on the availability of serious evidence. The person who conducts the search, surveillance or recoding must compile a report thereon and submit it to the Public Prosecution.

2. The Attorney General or one of his assistants shall be entitled to issue an order to immediately collect and provide any data, including communication traffic, electronic information, traffic data or subscriber’s information which he deems necessary for the benefit of the investigations for the purposes of Paragraph 1 of this Article, using the proper technical tools and, when necessary, to seek assistance from service providers as per the type of service they deliver.

Article 35

The competent authorities must take measures and procedures to ensure the preservation of the integrity and privacy of the devices, tools, means of information technology, electronic systems, or electronic data or information, which are the subject of seizure, until such time that a relevant decision is rendered by the competent judicial authorities thereon.

Article 36

1. The competent court shall be entitled to permit the immediate interception, recording or copying of the content of communications at the request of the Attorney General or one of his assistants. The court decision shall include all of the elements which may identify the communications, the subject matter of the application for interception, as well as the acts which necessitate it and its duration.

2. The duration of the interception provided for under Paragraph 1 of this Article shall not exceed three months, starting from the date of its actual commencement. It shall be renewable only once.

3. The authority assigned to implement the permission of interception must notify the Public Prosecution of the actual date of launching the interception process and coordinate with it in regard of taking the necessary measures to ensure its smooth progress.

Article 37

The evidence which results from any means of information technology, information systems, information networks, electronic websites, or electronic data and information shall be deemed to be prosecution evidence.

Article 38

The evidence obtained by the competent authority or investigation authorities from other states shall be deemed to be prosecution evidence, as long as it has been obtained in accordance with the legal and judicial procedures of international cooperation.

Article 39

1. The competent authorities of investigation and seizure, in the event they monitor hosted electronic websites, which broadcast either inside or outside the State, posting any expressions, figures, images, films, propaganda materials or others which may threaten national security, public order or public morals, shall be entitled to submit a report thereon to the Attorney General or one of his assistants and request permission to block the broadcast of the electronic website(s) or block some of their links.

2. The Attorney General or one of his assistants shall submit the application for a permission to the Court of Conciliation within 24 hours, enclosed with a notice of his opinion. The Court shall render its decision on the application on the same day it is brought before it, stating either acceptance or rejection, provided that the duration of the blockage does not exceed six months, unless the duration is extended in accordance with the procedures provided for under this Article.

Article 40

Apart from the professional obligations provided for by the law, professional secrets or relevant requirements may not be invoked to refrain from the submission of information or documents, which are requested in accordance with the provisions of the law.

Article 41

The State agencies, institutions, entities and the bodies and companies affiliated therewith shall abide by the following:

1. Take preventative security measures needed to protect their own information systems, electronic websites, information networks and electronic data and information.

2. Promptly notify the competent authority of any crime provided for under this Law by Decree as soon as it is detected or when uncovering any attempt of unlawful reception, interception or wiretapping, and provide the competent authority with all relevant information to divulge the truth.

3. Keep information technology data and the subscriber’s information for a period of not less than 120 days and provide the competent authority with such data.

4. Cooperate with the competent authority to implement their powers.

Article 42

1. The competent authorities shall work towards facilitating cooperation with their counterparts in foreign countries within the framework of approved international, regional and bilateral agreements or in conformity with the principle of reciprocity with a view to expediting information exchange, ensuring the early warning of cybercrime and communications offences, avoiding their perpetration, and helping to investigate them and prosecute their perpetrators.

2. The cooperation referred to under the previous Paragraph shall depend on the concerned foreign state’s commitment to keep secret the information transferred thereto and its commitment not to transfer it to a third party or exploit it for other purposes than the combating of the crimes specified under this Law by Decree.

Article 43

1. The competent authorities must provide assistance to counterpart agencies in other states, for the purposes of offering mutual legal aid and extraditing criminals in the investigations and criminal proceedings associated with the crimes provided for under this Law by Decree, in accordance with the rules which are prescribed by the Penal Procedure Law in force, bilateral or multilateral agreements to which the State is a party or the principle of reciprocity, without prejudice to the provisions of this Law by Decree or any other law.

2. The application for legal aid or application for the extradition of criminals, in reference of the provisions of this Law by Decree, shall only be executed in the event the laws of the applicant state and laws of the State penalise the crime the subject matter of the application or a similar crime. Dual criminality shall be deemed to be fulfilled in disregard of whether the laws of the applicant state include the crime within the category of the same crimes or uses in the designation of the crime the same term used in the State, on condition that the act the subject matter of the application is incriminated in pursuance of the laws of the applicant state.

Article 44

Without prejudice to any heavier penalty provided by the Penal Law in force or any other law, the perpetrators of the crimes punishable in accordance with the provisions of this Law by Decree shall be liable to the penalties prescribed thereunder.

Article 45

Each person who perpetrates an act that constitutes a crime under any effective piece of legislation, and not provided for under this Law by Decree, using the electronic network or a means of information technology, or is involved as an accomplice, abettor or accessory to its perpetration, shall be liable to the same penalty which is prescribed for such crime under that piece of legislation.

Article 46

Each person who discloses the confidentiality of the procedures provided for under this Law by Decree in circumstances other than those permitted by law, shall be punished by either or both confinement and a fine of not less than two hundred Jordanian dinars and not more than one thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 47

Each person who violates, damages, conceals, modifies or erases judicial information evidence, shall be punished by confinement for a term of not less than one year and a fine of not less than one thousand Jordanian dinars and not more than three thousand Jordanian dinars or its equivalent in the legal currency of circulation.

Article 48

Whoever takes part by means of an agreement, instigation, assistance or intervention in the perpetration of a crime or a misdemeanour that is punishable in accordance with the provisions of this Law by Decree shall be liable to the same penalties which are prescribed for the original perpetrator. In case the crime has not occurred, he shall be liable to half of the penalty.

Article 49

Each person who attempts to perpetrate a crime or misdemeanour of those provided for under this Law by Decree shall be deemed to be a perpetrator of the crime of attempt and shall be liable to half of the penalty prescribed thereto.

Article 50

Without prejudice to the penalties prescribed under this Law by Decree, as well as the rights of a bona fide third party, the Court must render a decision, including the following:

1. The duration of the closure of the premise and blocking of the electronic website, in or by means of which such crimes were perpetrated, as the occasion may be.

2. Confiscation of the devices, programmes or means used in the perpetration of any of the crimes prescribed under this Law by Decree or the funds obtained therefrom, provided that the violation is removed at the expense of the perpetrator.

Article 51

The penalty prescribed under this Law by Decree shall be doubled in the event the culprit repeats any of the crimes provided for thereunder, regardless of whether they are perpetrated inside or outside Palestine. Foreign judgements shall be deemed to be a precedent in recidivism against the culprit.

Article 52

The penalty prescribed for the crimes which are punishable in accordance with the provisions of this Law by Decree shall be doubled in any of the following cases:

1. In case the crime is committed against a website, information system, data, figures, letters, codes or images that are managed by the State, a public juridical person, or [an entity] owned by or belonging to it, including local government units.

2. In case the culprit perpetrates the crime through an organised gang.

3. In case a person under eighteen years of age is misled and exploited.

4. In case the crime is perpetrated against an information system, electronic website or information network relating to the transfer of funds, provision of payment services, clearance, reconciliations or any banking services delivered by banks and financial companies.

Article 53

Each culprit who takes the initiative to notify the competent authorities of any information on the crime and the accomplices therein before the authorities are aware of it and before damage is caused shall be exempted from the penalties provided for under this Law by Decree. The court may rule for the stay of execution of the penalty in the event the notification takes place after the competent authorities are aware [of the crime], whereby it leads to the arrest of the rest of the culprits.

Article 54

The Ministry shall provide support and technical assistance to the law enforcement agencies. The Ministry staff, who are appointed by the Minister, shall be deemed to be officers vested with judicial duties for the purposes of the enforcement of the provisions of this Law by Decree.

Article 55

1. The Law by Decree No. 16 of 2017 on Cybercrime shall be repealed.

2. All provisions that contradict the provisions of this Law by Decree shall be repealed.

Article 56

This Law by Decree shall be presented to the Legislative Council in the first session it convenes for approval.

Article 57

All the competent authorities, each one within its sphere of jurisdiction, shall implement the provisions of this Law by Decree, which shall enter into force as of the date of its publication in the Official Gazette.

Promulgated in the city of Ramallah on April 29^th, 2018 Anno Domini,

Corresponding to Sha’ban 13^th, 1439 Anno Hegira.

Mahmoud Abbas

President of the State of Palestine

Chairman of the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organisation